A20B-0008-0470现货 in stock! 欢迎来电咨询~!!
A20B-0008-0470,
A20B-0008-0470
“企业产品的精度已不能达到客户需求,这次来到展会现场,重点关注国产品牌高精度、智能化的生产设备。”来自广州中型制造企业的负责人张鹏认为,“国内机器人拥有高性能兼高性价比的整体优势,能够帮助更多像我们这样的中小企业实现工业转型升级。”5月22~24日2019中国(华南)国际机器人与自动化展览会期间,一众国内本土企业打卡亮相,展示企业设备智能化的实力,也为更多传统的制造企业能够尽早实现自动化、智能化制造提供方案。
机器人国产化基本实现
近几年,不少国内自主品牌相继“杀出重围”,从内销,到核心技术研发,出口海外,再到产业链的垂直整合,走出了自己的创新之路。
“相比较进口机器人品牌,我们的研发团队在应对国内市场上,能够快速、直观地理解本土企业的痛点,提供更具针对性的解决方案,并做到更加快速的响应。”展览会上,东莞市必地机器人有限公司销售经理张鹏向记者表示,不同于五年前进口机器人占领大部分市场份额,现如今我国工业机器人基本实现国产化,趋势已扭转。
“将核心部分研发出来,就降低了成本。”欢颜自动化设备(上海)有限公司华南区销售总监杨育磊向记者介绍:“对于工业机器人的作用可以用“核心中的核心”来形容的RV精密减速机,欢颜已用自研产品代替了进口,并在17年就开始批量生产使用。”杨育磊还提到:“进口国外RV精密减速机,不仅采购量受限,受到爱答不理的待遇,并且往往要用数倍的价钱才能买到。”据行业人士介绍,一台精密减速器四大国际巨头采购价为3万元~5万元,卖给国内采购量大的客户约7万元,普通客户约12万元,大多内资企业采购精密减速机的成本比国际巨头贵一倍还多。“在实现了RV精密减速机国产化生产后,优势机器人设备还打开了国外市场。”杨育磊表示。
如今,3C制造业、汽车制造业依然是国产机器人的主要市场,“在汽车零部件和3C自动化的终端落地应用上,最难的部分在于如何将上游机器人、中游的工艺设备和下游的系统集成的产业链打通,而我们已在螺丝拧紧等优势领域上做了最终产业链的垂直整合。这对终端用户来说,更能够提高效率并一站式解决别人单一方面不能解决的问题。”本土企业苏州铂电自动化科技有限公司总经理邓毅对记者说。
据行业专家表示,中国有大量的行业应用场景是国外没有的,很多传统行业劳动密集度高,工人劳动强度大、劳动环境恶劣,但是对技术要求却并不低,这是国产机器人发展的突破点,也给我们带来大量的潜在机会。
核心技术仍是软肋
“市场是决定产品的惟一标准,我国核心零部件长期依赖进口局面仍亟待突破。”业内人士指出。
“虽然拥有自主产权的RV精密减速机,但研发设备还是需要进口,用国内设备目前还做不出高精度的RV。”欢颜杨育磊坦言。
“想要有客户对产品的认可,需要有客户认可的零件,郑州领航机器人有限公司相关负责人王坤表示,“由我们自主研发的机器人工具快换装置中的传感器仍需要进口,这主要在于大多数客户对国外品牌稳定性的认可度。”
另一家企业深表认同,就算是由国内的工业机器人企业为国内的工业企业提供解决方案,工业企业也会在常常要求:某某设备一定要用某某厂家的。
上亿库存,国内外近千个仓库,公司部分产品型号如下,欢迎联系哦~!
20G11RC8P7AA0NNNNN PowerFlex 755 AC Packaged Drive
22F-RF026-CL PowerFlex 4M EMC Filter Kit
140NOE77111C Quantum TSX Quantum FactoryCast Web Server Modul
284E-FVD2P3Z-10-CRN-OC EtherNet Variable Frequency Drive
3G2A6-PR015-E 横式编程器
MY2NJ-CR NEW 220VAC,有阻容吸收回路,2开2闭,触点5A.中国制
1492-SPM1C070-N MCB Supplementary Protector 7 A
微存储卡 6ES7953-8LG11-0AA0 MMC 微存储卡 128K 用于 S7-300/C7/ET200S IM151CPU,3.3V NFLASH
软启动器 3RW40282BB04
SIMATIC 存储卡 6ES7 954-8LE02-0AA0 12 MB
150-SD1NUR SMC-50 SOLID STATE MOTOR CONTROLLER 361A
1738-8CFGM8 ArmorPoint 8 Point Combination Module
1783-US6T2H Stratix 2000 6+2 port unmanaged switch
193-EXP-DIO-42-240 E300 240V AC Digital Expansion Module
20-750-NEMA1-F2 PowerFlex 750 Frame 2 Conduit Box Kit
2090-CPWM7DF-16AF04 MP-Series 4 m Length Power Cable
20AB015A0AYNANC0 PowerFlex 70 AC Drive 15.3 A at 5 Hp 20A
GA647IFESGSR00075 GCA iFIX Optn: ESig & ERec 75 I/O Srv
GP646IFCLNTCRO025 GCP iFIX iClient Read Only 50 PK Keyless Runtime Version
IC600BF804RR 115Vac/dc Input Module (8 points)
IC647HSTCC20000KM Calculation Collector for Historian - Standard Server 20,000,000 Points (M4 Key)
IC647TBLCPVC002 Virtual Campus for Proficy Troubleshooter and Cause+ - 2 Users
IC693MDL753LT 12/24 Vdc Output, Pos Logic (32 Pts) (LT)
IC756LDV000K-97 DV Development - Intel/Linux RedHat Op Sys, Korean, Version 9.7
Pico Controllers 1760-CBL-2M GFX 2 M CPU TO CPU CABLE
PLC-5/1771 System 1771-ODD 120VAC ISOLATED OUTPUT MODULE, 16 OUTPUTS
Distributed I/O 1791-0B16 BLOCK I/O, 24V DC, 16 POINT MODULE (16 OUTPUT)
Communications 1786-RPCD CNET COAXIAL HUB REPEATER
Operator Interface 2706-PRIOM REMOTE I/O COMMUNICATION MODULE FOR 2706-P4X
Support 9701-VWSCWAS SUPT RENEWAL CONTRACT FOR 9701VWSCWAENE
Support 9324-RL0100ESR SUPT REINSTATEMENT CONTRACT FOR 9324RL0100ES
EtherNet/IP Products 2711P-K15C4B1 PV PLUS 1500, KEYPAD, ENET, AC PS, STD MEM
RSI Software Products 9301-2SE340PTU1R RSVIEW32 RUNTIME 1500-32K UPGRADE OUT-SUPT (PT)
RSI Software Products 9356-PRO2350U6R UPGRADE: OUT-SUPT: RSSQL PROF.300 TO PROF.5000 TAG
Motion Control F-4050-Q-H04AA MOTOR/ENCODER/BRAKE
4360-N 4360 WITH NEMA 4
IC200ACC303 I/O SHORTING BAR QTY 2
IC693DNM200 DeviceNet Master
TGT-E000-0-0 Target Rack Expansion Module, 10' Rack Linker Cable
VDOCS-ADM VisualDocs Administration (includes integrated viewer)
20BD014A3AYYANC0 PowerFlex 700 AC Drive 14 A at 10 Hp 20B
20G11BF710JN0NNNNN PowerFlex 755 AC Packaged Drive
22C-B145A103 PowerFlex 400- 37 kW (50 HP) AC Drive
140XCA71709 Quantum 背板扩展电缆, 3M
285-BRC25-M10 Cable,ArmorStart Source Brake Cable
H7ET-NFV 7位液晶显示累积计时器,电压(24-240AC)输入、外部/手动复位、999999.9h-3999d23.9h可切换
1492-SPM1D100-N MCB Supplementary Protector 10 A
通用型变频器 6SE6 440-2UD25-5CA1 5.5 KW,185 x 245 x 195
电机启动器 3VU13403NL00
150-C43NCR SMC-3 43A Smart Motor Controller
1609-SBAT Bul 1609 UPS Standard 12VDC Battery
1771-IAD 1771 16 Point Digital Input Module
193-EC2PB E3 Plus 0.4-2.0 A Overload Relay
198-MS24 Start/Stop, On/Off Push Button Kit
2090-CPBM7E7-16AF15 MP-Series 15 m Length Cable
2094-AM01-S Kinetix 6000 Axis Module
CW0DT1005 Industrial Key Board for DuraTouch, QWERTY Keyboard, Elastomer Type
GFK-0487 Series 90 PCM Development Software (PCOP) User's Manual
IC200UEX636-24 Qty of 24, 6 channel Analog expansion. (4) Analog inputs & (2) Analog outputs. 120/240
IC647APXM APX:Moore APACS
IC647PFL300 Proficy Process Systems Standard Edition 3000 I/O with iFIX
IC693CHS398LT Base, Expansion, 5 Slots (LT)
IC754UEX001 VersaMax Micro Expansion I/O Interface for QP Control
MA15/D/2/SI AC15AMP PWR SRG PROTECT (240AC)
SLC/1746 System D1761-6.4 AIC + ADVANCED INTERFACE CONVERTER USER MANUAL
Distributed I/O 1734D-IB8XOW8 24 VDC 8 SINK IN 8 RELAY OUT, DNET COMMS, SCREW
Application-specific products 1803-EEM02 EEM,16 ANALOG, 4 TO 20 MA
Operator Interface 2711-T10G12 PV1000 GRAYSCALE TOUCH, PBUS & RS232 PRINT
Support 9301-2SE3500JPS SUPT RENEWAL CONTRACT FOR 93012SE3500JP
Support 9381-PEDEQPENR SUPT REINSTATEMENT CONTRACT FOR 9381PEDEQPEN
DeviceNet Products 1790D-N0C2 DNET LDX, 2 OUTPUT ANALOG CURRENT BSE,D-SHELL CONN
RSI Software Products 9301-2SE330ITU1R RSVIEW32 RUNTIME 300-1500 UPGRADE OUT-SUPT (IT)
RSI Software Products 9358-PBEPB30ENE RSBIZWARE BATCH & EPROCEDURE BNDLE PLX 30 UNITS
Motion Control MPL-B640F-MJ24AA MOTOR,SERVO,36.0NM,3000RPM,MULTI,460V,BRK
Motion Control 2090-UXLF-HV350 AC LINE FILTER,ULTRA,50 AMPS, 460V, 3 PHASE
GQSJ2D100S2P QUICKSTART KIT 5" STN GE LABEL
IC646NRV000 Report Manger Integrated Viewer
MTR-3T67-G-R-B-M-0 MTR-Series Servo Motor, Resolver, Metric, 24V Brake
ST-2124 STXi output module 4 points, TTL, 5VDC/20mA Non inverting
20BC085A0AYNANC1 PowerFlex 700 AC Drive 85 A 45 kW 20B
20F11RD5P0AA0NNNNN PowerFlex 753 AC Packaged Drive
22A-A4P5H204 PowerFlex 4 0.75 kW (1 Hp) AC Drive
490NOR00003 Networks Ethernet MTRJ- MTRJ 光纤电缆,3m
284-MTRS22-M14 ArmorConnect Brake and Motor Cable
C2OOH-PID03 PID单元,2路,电流输出
1492-RCDA4C25 Residual Current Device 25 A
6ES7153-2BA01-0XB0 IM153-2 高性能型,支持冗余,时间标签
变送器 3RS11 40-1GD60
1497-J-BASX-0-N Control Circuit Transformer
1606-XLE240EE Power Supply XLE 240 W Power Supply
1763-BA MicroLogix 1100 Battery
188-K3D160-N Miniature Circuit Breaker 16 A
194L-HE4A-350 194L Control And Load Switch Actuator
2090-CPBM7DF-08AA15 MP-Series 15m Power and Brake Cable
2090-XXNPMF-14S20 Kinetix Drives 20m Standard Cable
BC647TRT050 CIMPLICITY HMI Server 50 I/O Runtime System with Proficy GlobalCare
GC647PSC100 Global Care for Proficy Process Systems 1000 I/O with CIMPLICITY
IC200MDL930LT OUTPUT RELAY 2.0A PER PT ISOLATED FORM A 8PT (LT)
IC646PME010 Proficy Change Management for ME 10 user pack
IC647MVSU01 View Standard Edition Upgrade from QuickDesigner with USB Hardware key
IC684TROLI606 CIMPLICITY HMI Plant Edition Online Course -Module 6
IC697VAL314 Discontinued, no replacement. Analog Output, Isolated, 4 channel, 12 bit, Current - 4 to 20mA. Remo vable temrinal block, no cable required
IC800SSI407RP2 7.2 amp 480 VAC Profibus S2K servo controller for MTR series motors
SLC/1746 System 1747-M13 EEPROM MEMORY MODULE, 64K FOR PROGRAMMABLE CTRLR
Industrial Computers 6181P-12TS2KH VERSAVIEW INTEGRATED DISPLAY COMPUTER 12-INCH TFT
Application-specific products 9358-PBEBNT10ENE RSBATCH NT & EPROCEDURE BNDLE PROCESLGIX 10 UNITS
Operator Interface 2711-K5A14L1 PV550 MONOCHROME KEY, MBUS & RS232 PRINT
Support 9306-4KS0EFFS SUPPORT RENEWAL CONTRACT FOR 93064KS0EFF
Support 9393-RSTLINXR SUPT REINSTATEMENT CONTRACT FOR 9393RSTLINX, PLINX
ControlNet Products 2711P-K7C15B1 PV PLUS 700, KEYPAD, CNET, AC PS, STD MEM
RSI Software Products 9301-2SE2500U2 UPGRADE: IN-SUPT: RSVIEW32 WORKS 1500 TO 100K
RSI Software Products 9358-BEPB60ENE RSBIZWARE BATCH AND EPROCEDURE BUNDLE 60 UNITS
Motion Control MPL-A4540F-HJ24AA MOTOR,SERVO,10.2NM,3000RPM,ENCDR,230V,BRK,13KG
Motion Control 2090-XXNFY-S07 CABLE,NON-FLEX,MOTOR FEEDBACK,Y,7M
CMP-26000019 Target Replacement Fan
IC641PCC134 Logic Engine (runtime) with GUI - 512 Points
IC800SSD420RS1 20A, 480V, S2K Servo Drive for MTR Series Motors
PR-PAT-MODBUS-INR Proficy PAT - Modbus Slave Interface: Provides The Capability To Interact With Other Systems Via The Modbus Protocol
20BB015A0AYNBNC1 PowerFlex 700 AC Drive 20B
20DD8P0A0EYNANANE PowerFlex 700S AC Drive 8 A 5 Hp 20D
20YF325N0ANNANA0 PF 700AFE,FR10,690 VAC,325 A,IP00,W/LCL
2711P-K10C4D8 PanelView Plus Terminal
280-PWRM35C-M8 ArmorStart Three-Phase Power Media
CPM2A-30CDR-A 30点主机 AC100-220V 18点入12点继电器输出 自带RS232C口
1492-MS5X5 IEC 5 x 5 mm Marker Card
1495-N65 Protective Fuse Cover
行程开关 3SE53120SF12
运行版软件 6AV2105-0FA14-0AA0 SIMATIC WinCC Runtime 专业版 2048 PowerTags ASIA V14
1585J-M4UB-2 RJ45 Ethernet Media
1756-OH8I ControlLogix 8 Point D/O Module
188-K1C100-N Miniature Circuit Breaker 10 A
194E-KA00E-P11 194E Load switch
2090-CFBM7DF-CEAA25 MP-Series 25m Servo Feedback Cable
2090-UXLF-350 Ultra Series 480V 50Amp Stud Filter
BC646SJM365 Sol Provider license w/CME - Japan Only
GC647IFCLNTS010 GCC iFIX iClientTS 10 Additional Users
IC200ALG321LT ANALOG OUTPUT 12 BIT VOLTAGE 0-10V 4CH (LT)
IC646IFCLNTCRO100M iFIX iClient Read Only 100 PK Keyless (M4 Part)
IC647IFPRDV00300M iFIX Profsnl SCADA 300 I/O Development (M4 Part)
IC660SLA100 Red Safety Label Kit for IC660BBA100 Genius Blocks
IC697CBL803 Cable, RCM Communication (3 feet)
IC800CBL002 Digital servo command cable for DSM302 or DSM314. 3 meters
ControlLogix/1756 System 1756-M13 LOGIX5555 1.5MBYTE MEMORY MODULE
Industrial Computers 6182H-7KEH15D VVCE 700, KEYPAD, EXT MEM, CNET, DC
Process Control 9358-PBA10ENE RSBIZWARE BATCH FOR PROCESSLOGIX ARCHIVER 10 UNITS
Operator Interface 2711P-K15C6B1 PV PLUS 1500, KEYPAD, RIO/DH, AC PS, STD MEM
Support 9352-WC2500S SUPPORT RENEWAL CONTRACT FOR 9352-WC2500
Support 9310-WL100S 9310-WL100 SOFTWARE SUPPORT CONTRACT RENEWAL
Support F6008-SV FIRMWARE UPGRADE FOR 6008-SV I/O MODULE
RSI Software Products 9301-2SE2353JPE RSVIEW32 WORKS 5K WITH RSLINX (JAPANESE)
RSI Software Products 9351-WESRT INTERCHANGE FOR WINDOWS RUNTIME
RSI Software Products 9399-WPMUG RSSERVER FOR POWER MONITORING DEVICES USERS GUIDE
Motion Control 2090-CDNPBMP-8S60 CABLE,460V,NON-FLEX,MOTOR POWER,MP,8 GAUGE,60M
BC646MSS001 Logic Developer - State Standard
IC300TRM002 Gage-clamp (screw) style Power plug, 2 terminal
IC754VSI12CTD 12" Color-TFT QuickPanel View Intermediate, Touch, 24VDC
MTR-3T67-G-R-0-M-0 MTR series metric servo motor with resolver
20AD011A3AYNANC0 PowerFlex 70 AC Drive 11 A at 7.5 Hp 20A
20DC043A0EYNANASE PowerFlex 700S AC Drive 20D
20G1ANC367AN0NNNNN PowerFlex 755 AC Packaged Drive
25C-A8P0N104 PowerFlex 527 1.5kW (2Hp) AC Drive
280-MTR22-M10 ArmorConnect Brake and Motor Cable
FR-F740-S90K 137KVA 180A 90KW 3相AC380V/50Hz/60Hz
1492-LMP3Q-B Mini Surf Mnt,Feed-Thru Blk,4 Pts,2.5mm
1494G-EC3N NEMA 1494G Enclosed Disconnect
软启动器 3RW44432BC35
ET 200SP 6ES7132-6MD00-0BB1 RO 4x120VDC-230VAC/5A 继电器输出,常开触点,标准型, 带手动置位,基座单元类型 B0、B1
1585D-F4UB-2 1585D Ethernet Media Cordset
1756-A17K ControlLogix 17 Slots Chassis
1794-IF8IH FLEX I/O 8 Analog Input
194E-CA00-P11 194E Load switch
2080-LC50-24QWB Micro850 24 I/O EtherNet/IP Controller
2090-CSWM1DF-18AA14 Kinetix Cable Single DSL 2090-Series
20AC3P5C3AYNAEC0 PowerFlex 70 AC Drive 20A
GC646MRA300 Proficy GlobalCare Complete for View Runtime 300 I/O
HE693SNP900 SNP slave module for Series 90-30 with 1 RS-232 port and 1 RS-485 port .
IC610MDL125RR 115Vac Input (8 points)
IC647HSTSS10KM-35 Historian v3.5 Standard Server 10000 Points (M4 Key)
IC660BBD100RR 115Vac I/O Block, 8 Circuit, Ph B
IC695ACC003 Door labels for RX3i IC695xxx I/O modules. Kit includes 2 each of IC695ALG600, IC695ALG608, IC695ALG616, IC695ALG626, IC695ALG628, IC695ALG704, IC695ALG708, IC695ALG728, IC695HSC304, IC695HSC308
IC756WDN010J-28 DataViews Development System for Visual Basic, Java, C++, & Native C 1 User, Japanese v2.8
CompactLogix System 1769-IA8I 8 POINT 120 VAC INDIVIDUALLY ISOLATED INPUT MODULE
PLC-5/1771 System 1771-PSCC POWER CABLE, 1771 I/O RACK TO 1771-PS7, 1771-PSC
Distributed I/O 1798-DFTP1 DEVICENET 12MM FIELD TERMINATION PLUG
Operator Interface 2711P-K6C5A PV PLUS 600 COLOR, KEYPAD, RS232, AC PS. INCL USB,
Support 9323-S5250S SUPT RENEWAL CONTRACT FOR 9323S5250
Support 9358-PBA60R SUPT REINSTATEMENT CONTRACT FOR 9358PBA60ENE
Support F1775-L2SERB FIRMWARE UPGRADE FOR 1775-L2 PLC3 PROCESSOR MODULE
RSI Software Products 9324-RLDMLPE RSLOGIX 5000 MULTI-LANGUAGE PAK OPTION(FBD,SFC,ST)
RSI Software Products 9305-RSVADSITE RSVIEW32 ACTIVE DISPLAY SERVER (ITALIAN)
RSI Software Products 9322-ECRMWENE EC RUNTIME FOR RSVME ON WIN
Motion Control 2094-PRS1 POWER RAIL, SLIM, 230V OR 460V, 1 AXIS
A06B-6089-H711 Ext. Regen Resistor, 8 Ohm 800 W w/ Fan, Alpha SVU1-130 Amplifier
IC200UEX014 14 point (8) 24VDC In, (6) DC Out, DC Power Supply (includes IC200CBL501)
IC752CCS049 ControlStation CE II 6" Controller with RT license
MTR-3N21-H-R-0-N-SRR Servo Motor Nema23 with Seal
ZA06B-0147-B075#7008 A22/2000 servo motor with 64k serial encoder
20BD875A0ANNNNC0 PowerFlex 700 AC Drive 875 A 700 Hp 20B
20G14NC170JN0NNNNN PowerFlex 755 AC Packaged Drive
25-PM1-E4P2 PowerFlex 520 2.2kW (3Hp) Power Module
OFSCSPBST Quantum OFS SMALL 10LIC SUBSCR RENEWAL
FVR 1. 5E11S-4JE 2. 8KVA 3.7A 1.5KW 3相AC380V/50Hz/60Hz
1492-J3-Y 2.5 square mm Standard Terminal Block
1492-SPM3D080-N MCB Supplementary Protector 8 A
软启动器 3RW40382BB14
" TP700 精智 7 英寸,触摸
150-SM4 SMC-50 Digital I/O Module
1738-FPD ArmorPoint I/O Field Distributor Module
1784-CP PLC-3 Communication Cable
193-KB20 1.4-2.0 A IEC Bimetallic Overload Relay
20-750-PBAY-RBRK-2 POWERFLEX 750 KIT,REAR BUSBAR,CU,2 HOLE
2090-CPWM7DF-16AF90 MP-Series 90 m Length Power Cable
20AB054A0AYNANC0 PowerFlex 70 AC Drive 54 A at 20 Hp 20A
GA647IFPLRN00900 GCA iFIX Plus SCADA 900 I/O Run
GP647IFCLNTSRO050 GCP iFIX iClientTS Read Only 100 PK Runtime Version
IC600BF827RR High Speed Counter Module
IC647HSTCC750KM Calculation Collector for Historian - Standard Server 750,000 Points (M4 Key)
IC647TDV910 CIMPLICITY HMI Server 10000 I/O Development and Runtime System
IC693MDL940CA Conformal Coated Relay Output module 2 amp, non isolated 16 points.
IC756LDV001J64-925 DataViews Development on Intel Linux/Red Hat 64 bit, Addt'l User, Japanese v9.25
Pico Controllers 1760-PICOSOFTPRO PICOSOFTPRO SOFTWARE
PLC-5/1771 System 1771-OQ16K CONFORMALLY COATED,ISOLATED OUTPUT MODULE,24V DC
Distributed I/O 1791-8AR BLOCK I/O, 120V AC, 16 POINT MODULE
Communications 1786-XT CONTROLNET 75 OHM TERMINATOR PLUG
Operator Interface 9399-2SE32GRES RSVIEW32 GETTING RESULTS GUIDE (SPANISH)
Support 9701-VWSTS SUPT RENEWAL CONTRACT FOR 9701VWSTENE
Support 9324-RL0300FRR SUPT REINSTATEMENT CONTRACT FOR 9324RL0300FR
EtherNet/IP Products 1771-DMC1 CONTROL COPROCESSOR - MAIN MODULE
RSI Software Products 9301-2SE3500DEU5 RSVIEW32 RUNTIME 5K-100K UPGRADE IN-SUPT (DE)
RSI Software Products 9356-PRO2450U7 UPGRADE: IN-SUPT: RSSQL PROF.1500 TO 32000 TAGS
Motion Control N-2302-1-F00AA MOTOR,NEMA 23,2 LB-IN,6000 RPM