The "Missing Link" Electrode that eliminates the Sigma Phase Problem in Welding and Maintaining Structures used at Elevated Temperatures. When Magna 8N12 was first introduced to the Maintenance Industry, it's fame and use spread like wildfire literally all over the world. It was hailed as a miracle electrode and its properties were considered incredible. It rapidly became one of the best known welding electrodes of all time. Today it is used in over 100 countries. Magna 8N12 appeals to just about everyone in industry. Metallurgists call its physical properties "astounding". Welders call it "The Missing Link". Engineers think of it as "The Problem Solver". Maintenance Planners call it "The Key" . Plant Managers call it the "Money Saver". Plant Engineers think of it as "The Downtime Preventer". The reason for all of this enthusiasm from such a variety of Industrial Persons, all with different points of view, may be understood by looking at the features of this most interesting product. Physical Properties - Prevention of Sigma Phase No doubt the most outstanding feature of Magna 8N12 that has captured the loyalty to Magna 8N12 by metallurgists is the incredible ability of Magna 8N12 to resist the formation of Sigma Phase. The problem of Sigma Phase, which is an embrittling chromium-iron compound that causes complete weld failure, had been a source of extreme anxiety to two generations of metallurgists. They simply could not make weldments that would not fail in the critical temperature range of 1200°F (650°C) to 1600°F (870°C). Welds that would be X-Ray perfect in the test laboratory would become brittle and fail when brought to the Sigma Phase danger range of 1200°F (650°C) to 1600°F (870°C). Many metallurgists felt no solution would ever be found to this problem that limited the use of metals in industries where heat was a factor, such as steel mills, the glass industry, smelters, foundries, etc. Magna 8N12 solves this historic problem. Because of special in-built stabilizers of its austenitic structure, the deposits of Magna 8N12 represent one of the few metals in the world that does not form the embrittling Sigma Phase even after 1997 Magna Industrial Co. Limited (BSI 5750 or equivalent source) Magna Industrial reserves the right to modify or change this product for PIM 8N12. 2 Version 1.0 Revision 1.1 Rev. Date: 1 Aug, 1997 Reference: REC purposes of improving its performance characteristics. long periods of use in the critical temperature range of 1200°F (650°C) to 1600°F (870°C). Had Magna 8N12 made no other contribution to maintenance welding than this, it would have gone down in metallurgical history as a great contribution to successful maintenance welding. The remarkable feature of Magna 8N12 in eliminating all of the long history of Sigma Phase Problems prompted metallurgists to make further and exhaustive tests on weld deposits made with Magna 8N12 and the following additional remarkable features have been found: